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Sistemski zahtevi Priprema za instalaciju Startovanje sa različitim operativnim sistemima Pokreni instalaciju
Nakon instalacije
Ažuriranje softvera Drajveri Jezici i načini unosa Opcioni koraci
Familijarnost
Prilagođavanje Prečice na tastaturi
Rešavanje problema
Specifikacije sistema

Molimo izaberite temu za početak.

Skromni sistemski zahtevi

Ubuntu MATE radi korektno kako na jačim tako i na slabijim računarima. Optimizovan je da bude funkcionalan a da je ujedno i skroman u sistemskim zahtevima.

Minimum
  • Pentium 3 na 750 megaherca (MHz)
  • 512 megabajta (MB) RAM-a
  • 8 gigabajta (GB) prostora na disku
Preporučeno
  • Core 2 Duo na 1,6 gigaherca (GHz)
  • 2 gigabajta (GB) RAM-a
  • 16 gigabajta (GB) prostora na disku

Operativni sistem će raditi efikasnije ako Vaš računar zadovoljava ili prevazilazi preporučene zahteve.

  Šta je unutar moga računara?

Sledeće:  Pripreme za instalaciju

Pripremanje za instalaciju

Ubuntu MATE je relativno jednostavan za postavljanje, bilo da tražite da zamenite postojeći operativni sistem ili da instalirate Ubuntu MATE uporedo sa već postojećim  Microsoft Windows-om ili drugom GNU/Linux distribuciom.

Za najbolje rezultate:

  • Sačuvajte sve važne podatke na drugom uređaju.
  • Povežite se na Internet da bi instalirali sve dostupne ispravke tokom instalacije.
  • Budite povezani na Internet kako bi instalirali sve dostupne ispravke tokom instalacije.
  • Ako se trenutno Vaš računar napaja iz baterije povežite ga sa punjačem i uključite u struju.

Live sesija u kojoj se trenutno nalazite je dobra prilika da testirate Ubuntu MATE bez modifikacija na Vašem računaru i proverite da li sve periferije rade korektno pre nego što se upustite u proces instalacije. Kada budete spremni pokrenite sa radne površine ikonu za instalaciju.


Moderni računari sa UEFI sistemom

Ako imate moderan računar koji koristi Unified Extended Firmware Interface (UEFI) postoji mogućnost da je neophodno isključiti Secure Boot (ili uključiti Unlock Bootloader opciju) pre početka instalacije - čest slučaj kod računara koji dolaze sa unapred instaliranim operativnim sistemom.

Ako koristite stariju mašinu sa BIOS-om ovaj korak nije potreban.

Obratite pažnju da "dual boot" dva ili više operatvina sistema zahteva da pokrenete sistem u korektnom režimu i da pritom koristite 64-bitnu sliku jer nećete moći da podignete operativni sistem instaliran u BIOS režimu nakon instalacije u UEFI modu i obrnuto.

Pokretanjem u BIOS modu na UEFI sistemu sa GPT formatiranim diskom biće prikazan "protection layer". Bez brige, vaši podaci nisu izgubljeni niti oštećeni!

Vaš sistem trenutno radi u ??? modu.

Swap

Na kompjuterima sa malo (RAM) memorije može da se dogodi da nema dovoljno slobodnog prostora te će operativni sistem pokušati to da nadomesti koristeći swap prostor na disku. U Windows je to "paging file". Sistem koji je primoran da "swap"-uje radi sa degradiranim performansama i u slučaju da u potpunosti ostane bez slobodnog prostora izgledaće ukočen jer dalji rad nije moguć.

Podrazmevano je da se swap particija kreira prema količini RAM memorije. Na primer, ako imate 2 gigabajta RAM-a, onda će 2 gigabajta na kraju diska biti rezervisano za potrebe swap-a.


Prethodno:  Sistemski zahtevi Sledeće:  Startovanje sa različitim operativnim sistemima

Startovanje sa različitim operativnim sistemima

Ukoliko želite da instalirate Ubuntu MATE pored vašeg postojećeg operativnog sistema, neke od postojećih particija moraju biti smanjene tako da će delovi diska biti izdeljeni za potrebe svakog od operativnih sistema.

Da bi smanjili rizik od gubitka podataka ili neuspele instalacije omogućite da:
  • Ima dovoljno slobodnog prostora na disku. 10 GB je preporučeni minimum.
  • Sačuvajte Važni podaci su na nekom drugom disku.
  • Disk je prethodno prošao kroz proces defragmentacije.
  • Voditi računa da je Windows korektno isključen (ne nalazi se u hibernaciji).

Kakv pristup želite?

  • Jednostavan
  • Napredan
  • Najsigurniji
Najjednostavniji način je da koristite instaler.

Instaler pretražuje diskove za postojećim operativnim sistemima i prema uviđenoj situaciji nudi mogućnost izbora daljih koraka.

Videćete opciju sličnu ovome:

Zatim:

Ne prekidaj rad i ne isključuj računar tokom operacije promene veličine.

Ako to uradite, može da dođe do gubitka podataka ili oštećenja particija. Molimo Vas proverite zadate izmene pre nego što nastavite.

Instaler može pokazati rotirajući kursor na duži vremenski period u zavisnosti od veličine vašeg diska..

Kada sledeći put pokrenete Windows zadajte chkdsk /f u komandnoj liniji da proverite fajl sistem na greške. Mada bi Windows trebalo ovu proveru da izvrši automatski. Ovim osiguravate konzistenciju NTFS fajl sistema.

Koristi GParted ili "Prilagodi" opciju u instaleru.

GParted je dostupan samo u toku live sesije. Nalazi se u Sistem Administracija meniju. GParted pruža potpunu fleksibilnost u izmeni particija. Namenjen je pre svega za napredne korisnike koji tačno znaju kakav raspored žele. Ovaj metod pravi izmene nad particijama pre početka instalacije.

Open GParted

Nakon izmena na disku, možete ostaviti predviđeni prostor kao neraspoređen - unallocated, pri čemu će instaler prepoznati i upotrebiti taj neiskorišćeni prostor za instalaciju Ubuntu MATE-a.


Korišćenje instalerove "Prilagodi" opcije.

Namesto ili kao dodatak GParted-u Prilagodi opcija u procesu instalacije takođe nudi mogučnost izmene particija kao i biranje "mount point"-a. Koncept "mount point"-a je specifičan za *nix sisteme gde je ostavljena mogućnost da različite particije nose različite delove a operativni sistem ih sklapa tj. "mount"-uje tako da izgleda kao da je sve na jednom mestu. Izdeljeni disk bi trebalo da eventualnu reinstalaciju učini nešto lakšom.

Možete da zadate sledeće mount point-e:

  • / - Osnova za Ubuntu MATE
  • /boot - Bootloader-i i kernel-i
  • /home - Vaši lični fajlovi i folderi
  • /tmp - Privremeni fajlovi
  • /usr - Nosi većinu aplikacija (izvršni fajlovi, dokumentacija, biblioteke i slično)
  • /var - Promenljivi podaci (na primer sistemski log-ovi)
  • /srv - Podaci za sistemske servise (obično u upotrebi kod server konfiguracija)
  • /opt - Dodatni softver van kontrole sistemskog menadžera paketa (kao što su Spotify)

Pravljenje zasebnih particija za svaki od ponuđenih mount point-a svakako nije neophodan. Najčešće su zasebne particije za /, /home i /boot. Ovi mount point-i mogu da budu raspoređeni i na različite diskove, tako da ko želi može na primer OS da postavi / na SSD a svoje lične fajlove /home da čuva na mehaničkom hard disku.

Umetni sistemski disk unutar Windows-a.
Odnosi se na Windows Vista i kasnije.

Ako koristite WIndows XP ili ranije moraćete koristite Jednostavan ili Napredan metod za umetanje diska.

Novije verzije Windows-a poseduju alata za smanjenje NTFS particije koji se izvršava u samom Windows-u. Ovo je najsigurnija opcija ako je prioritet da Windows mora po svaku cenu da ostane operativan.

1. Otvorite Disk Management iz start menija.

2. Desnim klikom na željeni disk imate opciju Shrink Partition u ponuđenom meniju.

3. Unesite vrednost za koju želite da se particija umanji.

Ne zaboravite da za Ubuntu MATE je neophodno najmanje 8 GB prostora na disku. 1 GB = 1000 MB
Dodatna literatura

Za dodatne informacije o preporučenoj praksi za izmenu particija koje nose Windows, pogledajte članak online.


Popravka prilikom problema sa boot-ovanjem

Linux distribucije koriste boot loader poznat kaogrub, koji je zadužen da pronađe i podigne operativni sistem. Međutim, pojedini operativni sistemi (npr. Windows) ignorišu postojanje tuđih boot loader-a i namesto integracije sa postojećim biraju da ih obrišu, te mogu da dovedu do situacije da je pristup do Ubuntu MATE-a privremeno onemogućen.

Srećom, možete da iskoristite Boot Repair alat kojim možete da popravite osnovne probleme nastale od strane drugih operativnih sistema.

Neophodno preuzimanje paketa.

Molim Vas povežite se na Internet kako bi preuzeli i koristili ovaj alat.

Welcome aplikacija nije uspela da uspostavi vezu.

Ponovi
  Preuzmi Boot Repair   Pokreni Boot-Repair

Prethodno:  Pripreme za instalaciju

Ažuriranje softvera

Veza sa Internet-om je neophodna za preuzimanje i instalaciju ispravki.

Ubuntu MATE periodično proverava da li su dostupne nove ispravke. Ako ste upravo instalirali Ubuntu MATE možete slobodno da pokrenete proveru.

  Software Updater

Software Updater can be found later in Sistem Administracija.


The codecs package include a complete, cross-platform solution to decode, encode, record, convert and stream audio and video. It also includes a MP3 audio decoder that permits the playback of MPEG 1 audio layer III (MP3).

  Install Codecs Package

Instalacija...

Sledeće:  Drajveri

Drajveri

While a wide range of hardware is compatible with Ubuntu MATE, there are some components and peripherals that require proprietary drivers to function properly. Installing the firmware package is often required to get some devices, typically Bluetooth and Wi-Fi, to work correctly.

An Internet connection is required to download and install drivers.
  Dodatni drajveri   Install Firmware Package

Dodatni drajveri can be found later in Sistem Administracija.

Graphics

Sorry, Welcome was unable to automatically identify the graphics vendor on this system.

Card/Chipset: Nepoznat

NVIDIA Graphics Card Detected.

NVIDIA may have drivers for your card that can boost performance for 3D applications and games as well as deliver improvements to power management.

Card/Chipset: Nepoznat

AMD Graphics Card Detected.

AMD's drivers are no longer supported on Ubuntu. The open source drivers you are currently using will deliver the most stable performance out of your card.

Card/Chipset: Nepoznat

You're already good to go.

Intel's drivers are open source and are maintained/updated in the kernel.

Card/Chipset: Nepoznat

VirtualBox Guest Additions

To accelerate graphics performance inside the virtual machine, please install Guest Additions.

Proprietary or Open Source Drivers?

Proprietary drivers come directly from the manufacturer. As they are not open source, Ubuntu developers are unable review and improve code meaning you'll have to rely on the manufacturer for support.

In addition, proprietary drivers can significantly improve graphics performance and as a result, the entire system. Users may wish to install these drivers to:

  • Run 3D applications and games.
  • Use Compiz's window effects.
  • Improve power management, particularly if the device experiences overheating problems under open source drivers.
  • Improve support for high resolutions and multiple monitors.
  • Fix blank screen issues.

Proprietary drivers are known as "binary blobs". Certain hardware may experience worse behavior, causing more issues then the open source drivers, such as:

  • Failing to boot to the graphical desktop.
  • Broken drivers after an upgrade.
  • Severe graphical glitches.
  • Problems with applications/games requiring hardware acceleration.

is the open source driver for your card.


What about the latest NVIDIA drivers?

Dodatni drajveri fetches the latest tested driver from the Ubuntu repositories. Advanced users and gamers who would like newer versions may wish to consider adding the Ubuntu Graphics Driver PPA, which packages up the latest NVIDIA drivers for Ubuntu. These packages are not as thoroughly tested.

This only applies for actively supported cards, and not older cards using the legacy driver.
  Add Repository

To add the repository to the system, open a terminal and type the following:

sudo add-apt-repository ppa:graphics-drivers/ppa
  sudo apt-get update

After the PPA is added, newer versions are presented to install in Additional Drivers:

Wireless, Bluetooth and Other Devices

If there were no additional drivers found for the hardware nor did it work after installing the firmware packages, you may need to research your device to find the appropriate driver.

Unfortunately, this is due to the fact the manufacturer for your hardware hasn't provided any source code for developers to freely use, or there is insufficient documentation to create drivers for your particular brand and model.

Some manufacturers may provide closed source drivers provided by themselves directly. If you require assistance, feel free to postavite pitanje zajednici.

Read more on troubleshooting wireless hardware.

Printers

When you set up a printer in the Printers utility (under Sistem Administracija), you will be presented with a list of drivers available to use, if applicable.

Some manufacturers may provide their own drivers and require you to download them from their website.

Read more on printing.


HP Linux Printing and Imaging System

Recommended if you have an HP printer as it provides full support for printing on most HP SFP (single function peripheral) inkjets and many LaserJets, and for scanning, sending faxes and for photo-card access on most HP MFP (multi-function peripheral) printers.

  Otvorite   Instaliraj


Prethodno:  Ažuriranje softvera Sledeće:  Language Input

Language Support

Your computer may require updates to your language and localization settings, or you may want to install additional language support.

  Language Support

Language Support can be found later in Sistem Preferences Personal

Complex Input

Some regions of the world require complex inputs.

  Chinese
  Japanese
  Korean

Prethodno:  Drajveri Sledeće:  Opcioni koraci

Backup, Firewall and User Management

Ubuntu MATE provides tools to backup your files, comes with a firewall pre-installed and supports multiple user accounts.


Backups

Nothing is more important then having a backup of your personal files, just in case something disastrous happens to your computer.

Deja-Dup comes pre-installed and supports backups to local devices as well as online cloud-based services.

  Configure Backup

Backups can be found later in Sistem Preferences Personal.


Firewall

Firewalls prevent malicious connections entering and leaving your computer. By default, the firewall is disabled, learn more about firewalls.

Gufw provides a graphical frontend to ufw (Uncomplicated Firewall). If security is important to you, there are more ways to stay secure too.

  Configure Firewall

Firewall Configuration can be found later in Sistem Preferences Internet and Network.


Users

Share your computer with others? Set up a separate user account for each user to protect the individual privacy of each user sharing the same computer.

You can also log in to a Guest Session if someone is using your computer as a one-off.

  Configure Users

Users and Groups can be found later in Sistem Administracija Users and Groups.


Prethodno:  Language Input Sledeće:  Prilagođavanje

User Interface

Ubuntu MATE provides a unique tool to transform the user interface. It can be used to quickly setup the user interface to broadly reflect how other popular operating systems look and feel. The Redmond layouts are most similar to Microsoft Windows while Cupertino layouts are most similar to Apple Mac OS X.

  User Interface

MATE Tweak can be found later in Sistem Preferences Look and Feel.

Control Center

The utilities mentioned above are all part of the extensive Control Center that Ubuntu MATE provides. You can configure just about every aspect of your computer from the Control Center.

  Control Center

Control Center can be found later in the Sistem menu.

Desktop Wallpaper

The Ubuntu MATE Community have contributed dozens of desktop wallpaper images over the years. Why not install them and find something that suits your tastes?

  Wallpapers

Prethodno:  Opcioni koraci Sledeće:  Prečice na tastaturi

Prečice na tastaturi

Ubuntu MATE has many keyboard shortcuts that help make using your computer more efficient.

Common application shortcuts

These shortcuts apply in most applications.

Ctrl C Copy the selected text/object
Ctrl X Cut the selected text/object
Ctrl X Cut the selected text/object
Ctrl V Paste/insert the selected text/object
Ctrl A Select all text
Ctrl F Find and replace words
Ctrl B Make the selected text bold
Ctrl I Make the selected text italic
Ctrl U Underline the selected text
Ctrl N Open a new document or window
Ctrl S Save the current document
Ctrl O Open another document
Ctrl P Print the current document
Ctrl Z Undo the last change you made
Ctrl Shift Z Redo a change that you just undid
F11 Toggle the current application between full-screen and windowed

Desktop shortcuts

This section lists common keyboard shortcuts which you can use to operate parts of the desktop.

Alt F1 Open the Applications menu
Alt F2 Run an application by typing its name in the box which appears
Prt Sc Take a screenshot of the whole screen
Alt Prt Sc Take a screenshot of the current window
Ctrl Alt Delete Open the dialog box to shutdown, restart or suspend.
Ctrl Alt L Lock your screen.
Ctrl Alt T Open a terminal.
Alt Super S Screen reader enable/disable.

Window shortcuts

Alt Tab Switch between currently-open windows.
  • Press Alt + Tab and then release Tab (but continue to hold Alt).
  • Press Tab repeatedly to cycle through the list of available windows which appears on the screen.
  • Release the Alt key to switch to the selected window.
Ctrl Alt Tab Switch between currently-open windows in all Workspaces.
  • Press Tab repeatedly to cycle through the list of available windows which appears on the screen.
  • Release the Ctrl and Alt keys to switch to the selected window.
Ctrl Alt Left Switch to the previous workspace.
Ctrl Alt Right Switch to the next workspace.
Ctrl Alt Shift Left Move the current window to the previous workspace.
Ctrl Alt Shift Right Move the current window to the next workspace.
Alt F4 Closes window.
Alt F5 Returns window to 'normal' or previous size.
Alt F7 Moves the current window (can be moved with mouse or keyboard).
Alt F8 Resizes current window (again, can be moved with mouse or keyboard).
Alt F9 Minimizes current window.
Alt F10 Maximizes current window.
Alt F12 Pulldown Terminal.
Alt Space Displays the window menu with options such as 'Always on Top' and 'Minimize' and 'Maximize' and above commands.
Ctrl Alt Numpad 7 Place window in top left corner of screen.
Ctrl Alt Numpad 8 Place window in top half of screen.
Ctrl Alt Numpad 9 Place window in top right corner of screen.
Ctrl Alt Numpad 5 Center/Maximize the window in the middle of the screen.
Ctrl Alt Numpad 1 Place window in the bottom left corner of the screen.
Ctrl Alt Numpad 2 Place window in the bottom half of the screen.
Ctrl Alt Numpad 3 Place window in the bottom right corner of the screen.

Compiz Effects Shortcuts

All of the shortcuts listed in this section require Compiz to be enabled.

Ctrl Alt D Toggles 'Show Desktop'.
Super A Zoom out, show workspace switcher.
Super W Enables the 'scale' effect, it shows all windows from the current workspace.
Super Shift W Enables the 'scale' effect, it shows all windows from all workspaces.
Super N Invert colors of the focused window.
Super M Invert colors for the whole screen.
Super Mouse Scroll Zooms in on the screen.
Super Middle Mouse Button Select a region to zoom into, using a rectangle.
Alt Left Mouse Button Move focused window.
Alt Middle Mouse Button Resize focused window.
Alt Right Mouse Button Show window menu.

Prethodno:  Prilagođavanje

Šta je unutar moga računara?

Your machine is made up of various components that interact with one another. This information is useful when providing support to ensure hardware and software works on your machine.

Please wait while the information is being populated...

  • Basic
  • Detailed
  • Utilities

Sistem

Distribution:
Kernel:
Motherboard:
Boot Mode:

Processor

Model:
Speed:
Architecture in use:
Architecture(s) supported:

Components

Memory (RAM):
Graphics:
Internet Access:   Connected   Not Connected

Storage

Root File System:
Entire Disk Capacity:
Allocated for Ubuntu MATE:
Used Space:
Free Space:
Other Usage:
Why do I see two units?

SI or IEC Units?

Decimal (SI Standard)

  • 1 KB = 1000 bytes
  • Pronounced as "ga" - like "Mega", "Giga".
  • Common in every day applications and file storage.

Binary (IEC Standard)

  • 1 KiB = 1024 bytes
  • Pronounced as "bi" - like "Mebi", "Gibi".
  • Common in RAM, drives and partitions, including tools like GParted.

The following information is retrieved directly from the inxi command line program.

Neuspešno prikupljanje podataka.

System Profiler and Benchmark

See more specific system information in a graphical window, including connected USBs, PCI devices and a simple CPU benchmark.

  Otvorite   Instaliraj

Disks

A pre-installed utility that allows basic configuration to your disks and partitions, including formatting, partitioning, mounting, viewing S.M.A.R.T data and writing images to SD cards/USB drives.

  Otvorite   Instaliraj

GParted

An advanced tool for viewing, creating, modifying and deleting partitions. It also has features to expand/shrink file systems and supports a wide range of formats.

  Otvorite   Instaliraj

Disk Usage Analyser

A graphical tool for exploring your file system or individual folders to determine how much space is being used.

  Otvorite   Instaliraj

Monitor sitema

Views currently running processes, resource usage, and the amount of space used and free for currently mounted file systems.

  Otvorite   Instaliraj

Psensor

Views and graphs the current temperature of components attached to the system. Including: Motherboard, CPU, GPU and hard disks.

  Otvorite   Instaliraj