Manualul Debian Live

Despre

1. Despre acest manual

1.1 For the impatient
1.2 Termeni
1.3 Autori
1.4 Cum se poate contribui la acest document
1.4.1 Applying changes
1.4.2 Translation

2. Despre Proiectul Debian Live

2.1 Motivatie
2.1.1 Ce nu e bine cu sistemele live actuale
2.1.2 De ce e nevoie de propriul nostru sistem live ?
2.2 Filozofia
2.2.1 Numai pachete neschimbate din Debian "main"
2.2.2 Nu vor fi programe de configurare pentru sistemul live.
2.3 Contact

Utilizator

3. Installation

3.1 Requirements
3.2 Installing live-build
3.2.1 From the Debian repository
3.2.2 From source
3.2.3 From 'snapshots'
3.3 Installing live-boot and live-config
3.3.1 From the Debian repository
3.3.2 From source
3.3.3 From 'snapshots'

4. The basics

4.1 What is a live system?
4.2 First steps: building an ISO hybrid image
4.3 Using an ISO hybrid live image
4.3.1 Burning an ISO image to a physical medium
4.3.2 Copying an ISO hybrid image to a USB stick
4.3.3 Booting the live media
4.4 Using a virtual machine for testing
4.4.1 Testing an ISO image with QEMU
4.4.2 Testing an ISO image with virtualbox-ose
4.5 Building an HDD image
4.6 Using an HDD image
4.6.1 Testing an HDD image with Qemu
4.6.2 Using the space left on a USB stick
4.7 Building a netboot image
4.7.1 DHCP server
4.7.2 TFTP server
4.7.3 NFS server
4.7.4 Netboot testing HowTo
4.7.5 Qemu
4.7.6 VMWare Player

5. Overview of tools

5.1 The live-build package
5.1.1 The lb config command
5.1.2 The lb build command
5.1.3 The lb clean command
5.2 The live-boot package
5.3 The live-config package

6. Managing a configuration

6.1 Use auto to manage configuration changes
6.2 Example auto scripts

7. Customization overview

7.1 Build time vs. boot time configuration
7.2 Stages of the build
7.3 Supplement lb config with files
7.4 Customization tasks

8. Customizing package installation

8.1 Package sources
8.1.1 Distribution, archive areas and mode
8.1.2 Distribution mirrors
8.1.3 Distribution mirrors used at build time
8.1.4 Distribution mirrors used at run time
8.1.5 Additional repositories
8.2 Choosing packages to install
8.2.1 Package lists
8.2.2 Predefined package lists
8.2.3 Local package lists
8.2.4 Local binary package lists
8.2.5 Extending a provided package list using includes
8.2.6 Using conditionals inside package lists
8.2.7 Tasks
8.2.8 Desktop and language tasks
8.3 Installing modified or third-party packages
8.3.1 Using packages.chroot to install custom packages
8.3.2 Using an APT repository to install custom packages
8.3.3 Custom packages and APT
8.4 Configuring APT at build time
8.4.1 Choosing apt or aptitude
8.4.2 Using a proxy with APT
8.4.3 Tweaking APT to save space
8.4.4 Passing options to apt or aptitude
8.4.5 APT pinning

9. Customizing contents

9.1 Includes
9.1.1 Live/chroot local includes
9.1.2 Binary local includes
9.1.3 Binary includes
9.2 Hooks
9.2.1 Live/chroot local hooks
9.2.2 Boot-time hooks
9.2.3 Binary local hooks
9.3 Preseeding Debconf questions

10. Customizing run time behaviours

10.1 Customizing the live user
10.2 Customizing locale and language
10.3 Persistence
10.3.1 The live-persistence.conf file
10.3.2 Using more than one persistence store

11. Customizing the binary image

11.1 Bootloader
11.2 ISO metadata

12. Customizing Debian Installer

12.1 Types of Debian Installer
12.2 Customizing Debian Installer by preseeding
12.3 Customizing Debian Installer content

Proiect

13. Reporting bugs

13.1 Known issues
13.2 Rebuild from scratch
13.3 Use up-to-date packages
13.4 Collect information
13.5 Isolate the failing case if possible
13.6 Use the correct package to report the bug against
13.6.1 At build time whilst bootstrapping
13.6.2 At build time whilst installing packages
13.6.3 At boot time
13.6.4 At run time
13.7 Do the research
13.8 Where to report bugs

14. Coding Style

14.1 Compatibility
14.2 Indenting
14.3 Wrapping
14.4 Variables
14.5 Miscellaneous

15. Procedures

15.1 Udeb Uploads
15.2 Major Releases
15.3 Point Releases
15.3.1 Last Point Release of a Debian Release
15.3.2 Point release announcement template

Exemple

16. Examples

16.1 Using the examples
16.2 Tutorial 1: A standard image
16.3 Tutorial 2: A web browser utility
16.4 Tutorial 3: A personalized image
16.4.1 First revision
16.4.2 Second revision
16.5 A VNC Kiosk Client
16.6 A base image for a 128M USB key
16.7 A localized KDE desktop and installer

Anexă

17. Style guide

17.1 Guidelines for authors
17.1.1 Linguistic features
17.1.2 Procedures
17.2 Guidelines for translators
17.2.1 Translation hints

Manualul Debian Live

Despre

2. Despre Proiectul Debian Live

2.1 Motivatie

2.1.1 Ce nu e bine cu sistemele live actuale

La momentul de inceput al proiectului Debian Live existau deja cateva sisteme Debian live si ele au depus o munca interesanta. Din perspectiva Debian marea majoritate a acestor sisteme au urmatoarele dezavantaje:

  • Ele nu sunt proiecte Debian si drept urmare nu au suport din partea Comunitatii Debian
  • Ele amalgameaza diferite distributii, ca testing si unstable.
  • Ele suporta doar arhitectura i386.
  • Ele au modificat comportamentul si /sau aspectul programelor pentru a castuga spatiu.
  • Acestea includ pachete din afara arhivelor Debian
  • Ele folosesc kernele modificate care contin patch-uri ce nu fac parte din Debian.
  • Ele sunt greoaie si lente datorete marimii lor si deci inapropiate pentru situatii de salvare/rescue.
  • Ele nu sunt disponibile in diferite sosuri ca CDs, DVDs, USB-stick si netboot images.
  • 2.1.2 De ce e nevoie de propriul nostru sistem live ?

    Debian se considera Sistemul de Operare Universal: Are un mecanism live pentru a se promova in jur si de a prezenta cu acuratete sistemul de operare ce are urmatoarele mari avantaje:

  • It is a subproject of Debian.
  • El reflecta starea (actuala) a distributiei.
  • Se poate utiliza pe maximum de arhitecturi posibile.
  • Contine doar programe Debian.
  • Nu contine nici un pachet care nu este din afara arhivelor Debian.
  • Foloseste un kernel Debian nealterat, fara patch-uri aditionale.
  • 2.2 Filozofia

    2.2.1 Numai pachete neschimbate din Debian "main"

    Se vor folosi numai pachete din depozitul Debian sectiunea "main". Sectiunea non-free nu este parte a Debian drept urmare nu poate fi folosita nici un fel la construirea imaginilor live cu Debian.

    Nu vor fi facute nici o schimbare in programe. Daca este nevoie de acest lucru, schimbarile vor fi facute in coordonare cu responsabilul de program din Debian.

    Ca o exceptie, programele specifice ca live-boot, live-build sau live-config pot fi folosite temporar din depozitele proprii live, pentru nevoi de dezvoltare. (de exemplu pentru creerea de development snapshots). Acestea vor fi upload-ate in Debian la date cuvenite.

    2.2.2 Nu vor fi programe de configurare pentru sistemul live.

    In aceasta faza nu vor fi propuse sau instalate example sau configuratii alternative. Toate programele sunt folosite cu configuratia default 'de baza', la fel ca in instalatia normaladin Debian.

    In caz de nevoie a unei configuratii diferite, aceasta schimbare va fii facuta in coordonare cu responsabilui de program din Debian.

    Cu toate acestea un sistem de configurare a programelor este permisa folosind debconf, ce permite o particularizare a configurari programelor in sistemul live facur de dvs., insa imaginile oficiale live doar configurari de baza vot fi folosite. Pentru mai multe informatii, urmariti Customization overview.

    Exceptie: Sunt desigur necesare cateva necesare sa aducem 'la viata' un sistem live. Dar aceste schimbari esentiale trebuie minimizate la maximum si pastrate in concordanta cu depozitul Debian.

    2.3 Contact

  • Mailing list: Principalul mod de contact din proiect este mailing list la ‹http://lists.debian.org/debian-live/.Va› pute-ti adresa in direct prin mail la ‹debian-live@lists.debian.org.› Arhiva listei o gasi-ti la ‹http://lists.debian.org/debian-live/›.
  • IRC: Un numar de utilizatori si dezvoltatori sunt prezenti in canalul #debian-live pe n irc.debian.org (OFTC). Daca aveti o intrebare pentru IRC , fiti cu multa rabdare in asteptarea raspunsului. In caz de lipsa a unui raspuns , folositi mailing list.
  • BTS : BTS adica Debian Bug Tracking System contine detalii asupra rapoartelor de bug facute de utilizatorisau dezvoltatori. Fiecare bug are un numar, si este mentinut deschis pana la rezolvare. Alte informatii gasiti la Reporting bugs.