Debian Live Manual

About

1. Sobre esse manual

1.1 For the impatient
1.2 Terminologia
1.3 Contribuindo com esse documento
1.3.1 Applying changes
1.3.2 Translation

2. About the Debian Live Project

2.1 Motivation
2.1.1 What is wrong with current live systems
2.1.2 Why create our own live system?
2.2 Philosophy
2.2.1 Only unchanged packages from Debian "main"
2.2.2 No package configuration of the live system
2.3 Contact

User

3. Installation

3.1 Requirements
3.2 Installing live-build
3.2.1 From the Debian repository
3.2.2 From source
3.2.3 From 'snapshots'
3.3 live-boot and live-config
3.3.1 From the Debian repository
3.3.2 From source
3.3.3 From 'snapshots'

4. The basics

4.1 What is a live system?
4.2 First steps: building an ISO hybrid image
4.3 Using an ISO hybrid live image
4.3.1 Burning an ISO image to a physical medium
4.3.2 Copying an ISO hybrid image to a USB stick
4.3.3 Booting the live media
4.4 Using a virtual machine for testing
4.4.1 Testing an ISO image with QEMU
4.4.2 Testing an ISO image with virtualbox-ose
4.5 Building an HDD image
4.6 Using an HDD image
4.6.1 Testing an HDD image with Qemu
4.6.2 Using the space left on a USB stick
4.7 Building a netboot image
4.7.1 DHCP server
4.7.2 TFTP server
4.7.3 NFS server
4.7.4 Netboot testing HowTo
4.7.5 Qemu
4.7.6 VMWare Player

5. Overview of tools

5.1 live-build
5.1.1 The lb config command
5.1.2 The lb build command
5.1.3 The lb clean command
5.2 The live-boot package
5.3 The live-config package

6. Managing a configuration

6.1 Use auto to manage configuration changes
6.2 Example auto scripts

7. Customization overview

7.1 Build time vs. boot time configuration
7.2 Stages of the build
7.3 Supplement lb config with files
7.4 Customization tasks

8. Customizing package installation

8.1 Package sources
8.1.1 Distribution, archive areas and mode
8.1.2 Distribution mirrors
8.1.3 Distribution mirrors used at build time
8.1.4 Distribution mirrors used at run time
8.1.5 Additional repositories
8.2 Choosing packages to install
8.2.1 Package lists
8.2.2 Predefined package lists
8.2.3 Local package lists
8.2.4 Local binary package lists
8.2.5 Extending a provided package list using includes
8.2.6 Using conditionals inside package lists
8.2.7 Tasks
8.2.8 Desktop and language tasks
8.3 Installing modified or third-party packages
8.3.1 Using packages.chroot to install custom packages
8.3.2 Using an APT repository to install custom packages
8.3.3 Custom packages and APT
8.4 Configuring APT at build time
8.4.1 Choosing apt or aptitude
8.4.2 Using a proxy with APT
8.4.3 Tweaking APT to save space
8.4.4 Passing options to apt or aptitude
8.4.5 APT pinning

9. Customizing contents

9.1 Includes
9.1.1 Live/chroot local includes
9.1.2 Binary local includes
9.1.3 Binary includes
9.2 Hooks
9.2.1 Live/chroot local hooks
9.2.2 Boot-time hooks
9.2.3 Binary local hooks
9.3 Preseeding Debconf questions

10. Customizing run time behaviours

10.1 Customizing the live user
10.2 Customizing locale and language
10.3 Persistence
10.3.1 Full persistence overlays
10.3.2 Custom overlays
10.3.3 Snapshots
10.3.4 Persistence SubText
10.3.5 Partial remastering

11. Customizing the binary image

11.1 Bootloader
11.2 ISO metadata

12. Customizing Debian Installer

12.1 Types of Debian Installer
12.2 Customizing Debian Installer by preseeding
12.3 Customizing Debian Installer content

Project

13. Reporting bugs

13.1 Known issues
13.2 Rebuild from scratch
13.3 Use up-to-date packages
13.4 Collect information
13.5 Isolate the failing case if possible
13.6 Use the correct package to report the bug against
13.6.1 At build time whilst bootstrapping
13.6.2 At build time whilst installing packages
13.6.3 At boot time
13.6.4 At run time
13.7 Do the research
13.8 Where to report bugs

14. Coding Style

14.1 Compatibility
14.2 Indenting
14.3 Wrapping
14.4 Variables
14.5 Miscellaneous

15. Procedures

15.1 Udeb Uploads
15.2 Major Releases
15.3 Point Releases
15.3.1 Last Point Release of a Debian Release
15.3.2 Point release announcement template

Examples

16. Examples

16.1 Using the examples
16.2 Tutorial 1: A standard image
16.3 Tutorial 2: A web browser utility
16.4 Tutorial 3: A personalized image
16.4.1 First revision
16.4.2 Second revision
16.5 A VNC Kiosk Client
16.6 A base image for a 128M USB key
16.7 A localized KDE desktop and installer

Appendix

17. Style guide

17.1 Guidelines for authors
17.1.1 Linguistic features
17.1.2 Procedures
17.2 Guidelines for translators
17.2.1 Translation hints

Debian Live Manual

About

1. Sobre esse manual

This manual serves as a single access point to all documentation related to the Debian Live project and in particular applies to the software produced by the project for the Debian 7.0 "wheezy" release. An up-to-date version can always be found at ‹http://live.debian.net/

While live-manual is primarily focused on helping you build a live system and not on end-user topics, an end-user may find some useful information in these sections: The Basics covers preparing images to be booted from media or the network, and Customizing run time behaviours describes some options that may be specified at the boot prompt, such as selecting a keyboard layout and locale, and using persistence.

Alguns comandos mencionados no texto devem ser executados com privilégios de super-usuário, que podem ser obtidos tornando-se usuário root via su ou usando sudo. Para distinção entre os comandos que talvez possam ser executados como usuário não privilegiado e aqueles que requerem privilégios de super usuário, os comandos são precididos por: $ ou # respectivamente. Esse simbolo não é parte do comando.

1.1 For the impatient

While we believe that everything in this manual is important to at least some of our users, we realize it is a lot of material to cover and that you may wish to experience early success using the software before delving into the details. Therefore, we suggest reading in the following order.

First, read this chapter, About this manual, from the beginning and ending with the Terms section. Next, skip to the three tutorials at the front of the Examples section designed to teach you image building and customization basics. Read Using the examples first, followed by Tutorial 1: A standard image, Tutorial 2: A web browser utility and finally Tutorial 3: A personalized image. By the end of these tutorials, you will have a taste of what can be done with Debian Live.

We encourage you to return to more in-depth study of the manual, perhaps next reading The basics, skimming or skipping Building a netboot image, and finishing by reading the Customization overview and the chapters that follow it. By this point, we hope you are thoroughly excited by what can be done with Debian Live and motivated to read the rest of the manual, cover-to-cover.

1.2 Terminologia

  • Live system: Um sistema operacional que pode inicializar sem instalação em um disco rígido. Sistemas live não devem alterar o(s) sistema(s) operacional(s) local(is) ou arquivo(s) já instalados no disco rígido do computador a não ser que seja instruido para isso. Sistemas Live são tipicamente inicializados a partir de uma mídia como CDs, DVDs ou pendrive(s). Alguns também podem inicializar através da rede.
  • Debian Live: O sub-projeto Debian que manten os pacotes live-boot, live-build, live-config, e live-manual.
  • Debian Live system: Um sistema live que usa softwares do sistema operacional Debian que também pode ser inicializado a partir de CD's, DVDs, Discos USB, através da rede (via imagens netbook), e através da Internet (via parametro de boot fetch=URL).
  • Host system: O ambiente usado para criar o sistema live.
  • Target system: O ambiente usado para rodar o sistema live.
  • live-boot: Uma coleção de scripts usados para inicializar sistemas live. live-boot era formalmente parte do live-initramfs.
  • live-build: Uma coleção de scripts usados para construir sistemas Debian live customizados. live-build era formalmente conhecido como live-helper, e ainda antes conhecido como live-package.
  • live-config: Uma coleção de scripts usados para configurar um sistema live durante o processo de boot. live-config era formalmente parte do live-initramfs.
  • live-manual: Esse documento é mantido em um pacote chamado live-manual.
  • Debian Installer (d-i): O sistema oficial de instalação para a distribuição Debian.
  • Boot parameters: Parametros que podem ser entrados no prompt do bootloader para influenciar o kernel ou o live-config.
  • chroot: O programa chroot, chroot(8), nos habilita a rodar simultâneamente diferentes instâncias do ambiente do GNU/Linux em um único sistema sem reinicialização.
  • Binary image: Um arquivo contendo o sistema live, como binary.iso ou binary.img.
  • Target distribution: A distribuição em que o sistema live será baseado. Isso pode diferir da distribuição do seu sistema host.
  • stable/testing/unstable: The stable distribution contains the latest officially released distribution of Debian. The testing distribution is the staging area for the next stable release. A major advantage of using this distribution is that it has more recent versions of software relative to the stable release. The unstable distribution is where active development of Debian occurs. Generally, this distribution is run by developers and those who like to live on the edge. Throughout the manual, we tend to use codenames for the releases, such as wheezy or sid, as that is what is supported by the tools themselves.
  • [Note: heading marker::required title missing]

    A lista de autores (em ordem alfabética)

  • Ben Armstrong
  • Brendan Sleight
  • Chris Lamb
  • Daniel Baumann
  • Franklin Piat
  • Jonas Stein
  • Kai Hendry
  • Marco Amadori
  • Mathieu Geli
  • Matthias Kirschner
  • Richard Nelson
  • Trent W. Buck
  • 1.3 Contribuindo com esse documento

    This manual is intended as a community project and all proposals for improvements and contributions are extremely welcome. The preferred way to submit a contribution is to send it to the mailing list. Please see the section Contact for more information.

    Quando estiver submetendo uma contribuição, por favor identificar claramente o seu titular de direitos autorais e incluir a declaração de licenciamento. Note que para ser aceita, a contribuição deve ser licenciada obre as mesmas licenças do resto do documento, ou seja, GPL versão 3 ou superior.

    Os fontes para esse manail são mantidos usando o sistema de controle de versão Git. Você pode fazer o checkout da ultima cópia executando:

    $ git clone git://live.debian.net/git/live-manual.git

    Antes de submeter sua contribuição, por favor pré-visualize seu trabalho. Para pré-visualizar o live-manual, tenha certeza que os pacotes necessários para contruir estão instalados executando:

    # apt-get install make po4a sisu-complete libnokogiri-ruby

    Você também pode construir o live-manual a partir do primeiro nível do diretório do seu Git checkout executando:

    $ make build

    Since it takes a while to build the manual in all supported languages, you may find it convenient when proofing to build for only one language, e.g. by executing:

    $ make build LANGUAGES=en

    It is also possible to build by document type, e.g:

    $ make build FORMATS=pdf

    Or combine both, e.g:

    $ make build FORMATS=html LANGUAGES=it

    1.3.1 Applying changes

    Diretamente cometer ao repoitório é possivel por qualquer um. No entanto, nós pedimo que você mande maiores mudanças para a lista de e-mail para discuti-las primeiro. Para enviar ao repositório, os seguintes passos são necessários:

  • Obter a chave publica de commit:
  • $ mkdir -p ~/.ssh/identity.d
    $ wget http://live.debian.net/other/keys/git@live.debian.net \
         -O ~/.ssh/identity.d/git@live.debian.net
    $ wget http://live.debian.net/other/keys/git@live.debian.net.pub \
         -O ~/.ssh/identity.d/git@live.debian.net.pub
    $ chmod 0600 ~/.ssh/identity.d/git@live.debian.net*

  • Adicione a seguinte sessão na configuração do seu openssh-client:
  • $ cat >> ~/.ssh/config << EOF
    Host live.debian.net
         Hostname live.debian.net
         User git
         IdentityFile ~/.ssh/identity.d/git@live.debian.net
    EOF

  • Fazer o checkout de um clone do manual por ssh:
  • $ git clone gitosis@live.debian.net:/live-manual.git
    $ cd live-manual && git checkout debian-next

  • Note that you should commit any changes on the debian-next branch, not on the debian branch.
  • Do not use make commit unless you are updating translations in this commit, and in that case, do not mix changes to the English manual and translations in the same commit, but use separate commits for each. See the Translation section for more details.
  • Write commit messages that consist of complete, meaningful sentences in English, starting with a capital letter and ending with a full stop. Usually, these will start with the form 'Fixing/Adding/Removing/Correcting/Translating', e.g.
  • $ git commit -a -m "Adding a section on applying patches."

  • Enviar as submissões para os servidor.
  • $ git push

    1.3.2 Translation

    To submit a translation for a new language, follow these three steps:

  • Translate the about_manual.ssi.pot, about_project.ssi.pot and index.html.in.pot files to your language with your favourite editor (such as poedit) . Send translated files to the mailing list. Once we have reviewed your submission, we will add the new language to the manual (providing the po files) and will enable it in the autobuild.
  • Once the new language is added, you can randomly start translating all po files in manual/po/.
  • Don't forget you need make commit to ensure the translated manuals are updated from the po files and then you can review your changes launching make build before git add ., git commit -a -m "Translating..." and git push.
  • Note: Please be aware that even though both make commit and make build remove your build directory, if you build the manual to review your changes as recommended, you may want to clean your git tree before pushing. In order to do that, you can use make clean. This last step is not compulsory thanks to the .gitignore file but it is a good practice to avoid committing files involuntarily.